Mercury is easily absorbed into the human and animal system due to its very susceptibility to evaporation. It reaches the body through the respiratory tract, mucous membranes, skin, as well as through the consumption of contaminated water and food. The absorbed mercury circulates in the body, which is not able to be removed and is deposited mainly in the kidneys and liver, causing severe diseases. It also affects the development of diseases of the nervous system.
It is not biodegradable and forms many toxic combinations, both inorganic and organic. In significant quantities it gets into the human body.
The toxic effects of mercury and its compounds depend on the routes of entry into the body, dose and time of exposure. The vapor pressure of mercury at room temperature is so high that the concentration of mercury at 24C in the atmosphere is 18 mg / m3, which exceeds permissible concentrations several hundred times. The greatest hazard of metallic mercury occurs when the vapor is absorbed by the lungs, because metallic mercury is practically not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Some of the absorbed mercury gets into the blood, while the part penetrates the brain. This leads to the impairment of the nervous system, which is manifested by hand shaking, personality disorders, and in severe poisonings inflammation of the gums. These symptoms occurred after chronic exposure to mercury concentrations in the air above 0.1 mg / m3. Absorption of inorganic mercury from the gastrointestinal tract occurs only to a small extent (over a dozen percent), while organic compounds, e.g. methylmercury, are nearly 100%. After absorption, methylmercury through the blood is supplied to all tissues of the body, accumulating in the kidneys, brain and liver. The classic symptoms of methylmercury poisoning are: sensory disorder in the fingers, palms and feet, impaired hearing, vision and personality disorders in the loss of higher feelings.
The effects of poisoning are usually irreversible. The effect of this relationship on the fetus is also tragic. The placenta of a pregnant woman is not an appropriate barrier for methylmercury. (source: utylizacja rtęci)
This device is used to stop and collect amalgam particles – including particles found in used water. The amalgam separator collects mercury that is “in line” between the pump and sewer. Dental sewage flows through the vacuum line and passes through an amalgam separator, where teeth fragments, amalgam and mercury are separated and collected. Dental practices remove 3.7 tonnes of mercury a year, which goes into the sewer system, which means that they are the most important factor contributing to water pollution. It is recommended that all dentists give amalgam for recycling. This solution is intended to protect the environment against mercury contained in the removed amalgam fillings.
From January 2019, a provision will come into force that requires some dental offices to install an amalgam separator with an ISO 11143 certificate in order to remove mercury from sewage.
The obligation to use separators in some offices imposes on Poland art. 10 para. 4 of Regulation (EU) 2017/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2017 on mercury and repealing Regulation (EC) No. 1102/2008.
https://www.separatoryamalgamatu.com.pl/akty/
The main assumptions of the Regulation:
1. From 1 January 2019, the dental amalgam is used only in the form of an encapsulated dose. Dentists are not allowed to use mercury in non-encapsulated form.
2. From 1 July 2018 dental amalgam may not be used in the treatment of deciduous teeth, in the dental treatment of children under 15 years of age and pregnant or nursing women, except when the dentist deems it absolutely necessary due to special medical needs of the patient.
3.On 1 July 2019, each Member State shall draw up a national plan regarding the measures it intends to implement to gradually reduce the use of dental amalgam. Member States shall make their national plans publicly available on the internet and forward them to the Commission within one month of their adoption.
4. From 1 January 2019, operators of dental offices where dental amalgam is applied or in which dental amalgam fillings are removed or teeth containing such fillings provide their offices with amalgam separators for the purpose of retaining and collecting amalgam particles, including particles found in used water.
Removal of amalgam fillings is dangerous, so it should be done by dentists with extensive experience. If it is wrong, the patient is exposed to high concentrations of mercury. In Poland there are no established procedures for safe removal of such seals. The most important aspect of the procedure – for the patient and for the dentist – is full protection against inhaling the mercury vapor escaping during drilling. During the treatment, high-efficiency suction devices must be used, and so-called cofferdam – a rubber dam for bacteria.